https://www.mawenqian.com/zh/tags/frp/ Recent content in frp on 极客Vinkey https://www.mawenqian.com/images/papermod-cover.png https://www.mawenqian.com/images/papermod-cover.png Hugo zh-CN MA Wenqian · mawenqian.com Tue, 18 Aug 2026 13:18:43 +0800 https://www.mawenqian.com/zh/systemd-template-unit/ Tue, 18 Aug 2026 09:30:00 +0800 https://www.mawenqian.com/zh/systemd-template-unit/ <p>一台机器上要同时连三个 frp 服务端，网上大部分教程的做法是复制三份 <code>frpc.service</code>，改三次路径。改一次参数要同步改三个文件，迟早出错。</p> <p>systemd 自带的**模板单元（template unit）**就是为这种场景准备的：写一份 <code>frpc@.service</code>，后面想开几个实例就开几个。这篇先用 frp 走一遍完整流程，再讲怎么把同一套写法套到 xray、socat、Python 脚本等任何需要多开的程序上。</p> <!-- more --> <h2 id="模板单元是什么">模板单元是什么</h2> <p>普通单元文件叫 <code>frpc.service</code>，模板单元文件名多一个 <code>@</code>，叫 <code>frpc@.service</code>。</p> <p>它本身不会运行，只有在你启动 <code>frpc@azure_hk.service</code> 的时候，systemd 才会拿这个模板生成一个真正的实例，并且把 <code>@</code> 后面的那串字符串（这里是 <code>azure_hk</code>）作为<strong>实例名</strong>，替换掉单元文件里的 <code>%i</code>。</p> <p>所以「一份模板 + N 个实例名 = N 个互相独立的服务」，每个实例有独立的进程、独立的日志、独立的启停状态，但共用同一份单元文件。</p> <h2 id="frp-实战">frp 实战</h2> <h3 id="1-写模板单元">1. 写模板单元</h3> <p>新建 <code>/etc/systemd/system/frpc@.service</code>：</p> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">[Unit]</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">Description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">Frp Client Service - %i</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">After</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">network.target syslog.target</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">Wants</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">network.target</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">[Service]</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">Type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">simple</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">Restart</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">on-failure</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">RestartSec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">5s</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># %i 会被替换为 @ 后面的实例名</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">ExecStart</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">/usr/local/frp/frpc -c /usr/local/frp/frpc-%i.toml</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">[Install]</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="na">WantedBy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">multi-user.target</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="2-按命名约定放配置文件">2. 按命名约定放配置文件</h3> <p>模板能生效的前提是<strong>配置文件名和实例名一一对应</strong>。这里约定为 <code>/usr/local/frp/frpc-&lt;实例名&gt;.toml</code>：</p>